There are lots of lenses out there for a photographer to choose from. I am going to list some of them in the hope that it might be able to help you decide what lance would be better for your photos.
There are three main type of lance they are:
Standard
Wide angle
Telephoto
Lenses are measured in mm knows as the focal length of the lens in use. A 50mm lens is a standard lance for a 35 mm camera. If the lance is shorter than this is its classed as a wide angle lens and if its larger a telephoto lance.
Wide angled lenses are very popular with landscape photographers, they are very good at highlighting the foreground and the background will almost fade into the back ground. The average mm of a lance like this is 24mm and 28mm.
The telephoto lens is used for capturing images from a great distance; it allows you to get up close to your target even if you are stood fare away. They are perfect for sporting events and wildlife, they can also reduce your depth of field.
Macro lenses are used for very close up work, they have similar properties to a normal lance but are able to get a lot closer to the intended target and pick up a lot of detail. The normal focal lengths for theses lenses are 50-55mm or 90-100-105mm.
The fish eye lens is a very specific lens and the same effect can be created on Photoshop after a normal image has been taken. It is called a fish eye lens as it makes the image look like a fish’s eye. There angle of view is 180% and the image is distorted and the centre of the image will come out to meet your eye and the top and bottom of the image seam fare away.
Shift-Perspective control lens, this is a very expensive lens but very good if you want to take lots of images of buildings. The problem with taking images of building is you have to look up at them and it causes them to come out in an angle, large at the bottom narrow at the top. This lens stops that and caused the building to be facing straight on in the image.
A teleconverter sits between the camera and the lens that you have on, it will increase the mm (zoom) of the lens they come in either 2x or 1.4x converters. They aren’t very good and can make focusing harder and the optical quality of the lance is reduced. If you are thinking of getting one it is wise to get the most expensive one that you can buy.
I am going to talk a little about filters and what they are used for, they go on the end of your lens to create a wide range of effects.
UV filter, I use one of these to protect the end of my lens, if I hit the lens at the front the UV filter will take the damage not the lens and a UV lance is cheap to replace were a lens is not. They are also used to cut down the haziness of an image such as mountains and coats work.
ND filters, neutral density this is a great way to take control over the exposure of an image they are used to reduce the amount of light that reaches the sensor in the camera. It therefore makes it possible for the photographer to use a larger aperture for a longer period of time a perfect example of this is fast running water, with out an ND filter the lance would not be able to use an aperture small enough for long exposures.
Polarizing filters, most of theses are round and you change the polarization by rotating the outer layer of the filter until happy with the outcome. This kind of effect can not be recreated in Photoshop so it’s a very useful took to have in your kit. It reduces the glare on things like water and glass and very useful to have with you and can totally change the outcome of your image.
Macro filters, they are a lot like the macro lens only a lot cheaper but sadly not as good, you place then on the end of either a standard lens or a telephoto lens so that you can take a photo of something up close. You can stack them one on top of the other to get in closer to the target yet sometimes I find that the camera finds it hard to focuses and it takes a while to get the image you want.
IR filters, infrared filters, theses wave lengths are on opposite sides to UV rays in the light spectrum. To photograph in this spectrum you need an IR filter as the camera is not set up to see this kind of light.
Colour filters aren’t used so much now as the effects can be recreated on Photoshop with great ease and quickness. They are mainly used for black and white photography and to manipulate the contrast in images. By adding different colours it will make certain things stand out in an image.
White Balance.
This is when we look at an object out eyes will adjust to the lighting conditions, cameras can not do this so we have to set the camera up to do this. Use a cooler white balance preset to warm up sunsets.
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